Spalling Brick & Efflorescence Repair Ottawa

Understanding Spalling Brick

Spalling is the flaking, chipping, or breaking away of the face of a brick. It occurs when water penetrates the brick, freezes, and expands, forcing the outer face of the brick away from the body. In Ottawa's climate, with its many freeze-thaw cycles near the 0°C threshold, spalling is one of the most common and progressive masonry problems we encounter.

Importantly, spalling is a symptom, not the root cause. The cause is always water infiltration, and water gets in through failed mortar joints, inadequate waterproofing, poor drainage at the wall base, missing or damaged sill drip edges, or improper original material selection. Replacing spalled bricks without addressing the water source means the new bricks will spall too.

Understanding Efflorescence

Efflorescence is the white powdery or crystalline staining that appears on brick and stone surfaces. It is caused by soluble salts migrating through the masonry with water and crystallizing on the surface as the water evaporates. While it can look alarming, primary efflorescence (appearing on new masonry) is often temporary and harmless. Secondary efflorescence on older masonry is a reliable indicator of ongoing water movement through the wall system, and that needs to be investigated.

Our Approach: Fix the Cause First

• Identify the source of water infiltration (joints, sills, cap, drainage, etc.)
• Address the water source before any brick replacement or surface treatment
• Remove and replace spalled bricks with matching material where possible
• Repoint affected mortar joints with compatible mortar
• Apply breathable masonry sealers where appropriate, never film-forming sealants that trap moisture
• Clean efflorescence with appropriate masonry cleaners, never muriatic acid on older brick

Brick Matching

Replacing individual spalled bricks requires sourcing material that closely matches the original in colour, texture, size, and porosity. This is one of the most challenging aspects of brick repair, especially on older Ottawa homes where the original brick may no longer be manufactured. We have extensive experience sourcing and matching brick for repair work, and we're honest about what's achievable when a perfect match isn't possible.

Serving Ottawa and Region

Spalling brick and efflorescence repair throughout Ottawa, Kanata, Orleans, Gloucester, Barrhaven, Stittsville, and Rockland. Contact us for a free assessment.